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FAQ

• What is FAQ?
  FAQ is an abbreviation of the English term "Frequently Asked Questions." This file of frequently asked questions concerns the area of management systems implementation according to standards ISO.
  
  
• What is ISO?
  ISO is an abbreviation of "International Organization for Standardization" with the seat in Geneva. This organization publishes international standards with ISO specification in English, German and French language. For example it publishes quality management system standards with the ISO 9001:2000 specification.
  
  
• What is ISO 9001?
  It is a standard used at present to implement quality management system (SMJ or QMS). Precise standard name is ISO 9001:2000. Number 9001 is serial number that the ISO institute assigns and number after colon refers to the edition year of the standard (revision). Revision of the year 2000 is still relevant and valid. Edition of new revision is expected within two years. Czech translation of this standard was delayed by one year. Therefore the standard published in the Czech Republic bears the specification ČSN EN ISO 9001:2001. Thus the Czech standard can seem to be more recent. However, it is utterly identical standard regarding its content. The year of revision is 2001 only because of the year when it was translated to Czech. It happens with most standards.
  
  
• What is QMS?
  It is an abbreviation of the English term "quality management system."
  
  
• What is SMJ?
  It is an abbreviation of "quality management system."
  
  
• What is quality managemt?
  Quality management is a set of coordinated activities for directing and control of organization with regard to quality
  
  
• What is certificate?
  Certificate is a document that proves the compliance of management system with the corresponding standard requirements. Certificate is issued by a certification authority (see entry "certification authority") Certificate is limited by time. Mostly it is valid for 3 years, but each year a periodical audit is carried out. The certificate can be withdrawn if the standard requirements are not met.
  
  
• What is ISO 9000?
  It includes principles, basics and vocabulary of quality management system.
  
  
• What is ISO 9004?
  
  
  
• What is ISO 14001?
  ISO 14001 is a standard used for environmental management system implementation. Last revision is from the year 2004. The proper title is thus ISO 14001:2004. In the Czech Republic, ČSN EN ISO 14001:2005 has been published.
  
  
• What is vironmt?
  This term refers to environment where a company operates. The aim of implementation of environmental management system is to minimize impact of firm activities on environment.
  
  
• What is EMS?
  It is an abbreviation of "environmental management system" according to the standard ISO 14001. Similarly the QMS is an abbreviation of system according to the standard ISO 9001.
  
  
• What is ISO TS 16949:2002?
  ISO TS is a technical specification of quality system management for car industry contains the following standards requirements: ISO 9001:2000 (international), AVSQ (Italian), EAQF (French), QS-9000 (American) and VDA 6.1 (German) and fully substitutes the above mentioned standards. It is based on customer specifications that become part of quality management system. For car industry suppliers is quality management system according to ISO TS 16949:2002 necessary.
  
  
• What is OHSAS 18001:2007?
  OHSAS is a standard used to implement and consequently certify occupational health and safety management system.
  
  
• What is ISO 18001?
  ISO 18001:2007. It is a standard used for creation of OHSAS management system and which stems from specification OHSAS 18001:1999.
  
  
• What is ISO 17799?
  ISO 17799 is a standard that determines the main requirements of information system protection. It is equivalent of originally issued BS 7799.
  
  
• What is an audit?
  It is systematic, independent and documented process with the aim to prove that requirements of given standard are met.
  
  
• Who is an auditor?
  Auditor is a person with professional qualifications relevant for carrying out an audit.
  
  
• What is certification?
  Certification is a process that begins with certification audit and ends with an award of certification. On the basis of certification audit, the lead auditor has to prepare a report about the state of audited management system. Based on this report the evaluation committee of the certification authority makes decision regarding an award of certification.
  
  
• What is certification authority?
  Certification authority is an independent organization that carries out the process of certification.
  
  
• What is APQP?
  APQP stands for "Advanced Product Quality Planning". APQP is used for development and design of new products and processes. It comprises the following parts: Plan and programme definition, Product design and development, Process design and development, Conformity verification (validation) of product and process, Feedback and corrective actions.
  
  • Inputs: customer requirements, strategy, prerequisites
    Plan and programme definition
    Outputs: Design, reliability and quality objectives, Preliminary material specification card, development flow chart, list of special signs, management support
  • Product design and development
    Outputs: drawings, DFMEA, material specification, prototype, design verification
  • Process design and development
    Outputs: packaging instructions, Development flow chart, workshop arrangement, PFMEA, Production instructions, Control plan
  • Product and process validation (conformance verification)
    Outputs: Process capability survey, part validation, process of verification series, measurement evaluation
  • Feedback and corrective actions
    Outputs: Customer satisfaction, control flow chart, delivery and service
  
  
  
• What is DOE?
  DOE is an abbreviation of „Design of Experiments". It is a method for testing combinations of different factor values (levels) that we believe affect the characteristics of product quality. So-called Taguchi approach is used as it minimizes the necessary number of tests and brings along advantages for decrease of costs, decrease of number of nonconforming products, increase of customer satisfaction and quality improvement. DOE, using Taguchi approach is recommended ISO 16949 and QS 9000.
  
  
• What is FMEA?
  FMEA is an abbreviation of "Failure Mode and Effect Analysis" and it is an analysis of possible failures and their consequences. It is used with product design, so-called DFMEA - Design FMEA, as well as with so-called PFMEA - Process FMEA. French companies use an abbreviated FMEA version with the designation AMDEC. FMEA is an essential analytical method used in development.
  
  
• What is 8D report?
  8D report is a method for control of non-conforming products, which comprises 8 areas we would like to find answers for. The following areas are concerned: Preparation, Team of investigators, Problem description, Suggestion of provisional actions, Cause definition, Selection of permanent corrective actions, Preventive actions, Individual contributions.
  
  
• What is 5-Why Analysis?
  It is a method containing five questions we would like to find answers for. "Why did this problem arise?" For example: Burnt cake. Why? It was baked for too long. Why? Nobody turned the oven off. Why? Nobody watched the time. Why? Cook was busy. Why? TV serial. It also includes corrective action (TV removed, cook changed, alarm clock purchased, automatic cooker etc.)
  
  
• What is SPC?
  SPC is an abbreviation denoting statistical process control. Stewart control chart is mostly used. SPC is based on regular measurement of chosen data and registry of these data in control charts. Position and diversion indicating devices are used for process regulation.
  
  
• What is process capability Cp, Cpk?
  Process capability with the value of Cp >= 1 says that all measured values are in the tolerance band. However, capability of Cp >= 1,33 or even Cp >= 1,66 is normally required. It means that the measured product values have to range in a narrower band than the toleration requires. Narrower toleration band can be generated by decreasing the standard deviation (referred to as s, in quality sometimes mistakenly identified at sigma).
  
  
• What is standard deviation?
  Standard deviation s is usually defined as the square root of random quantity variance.
  
  
• What is PPAP?
  
  
  
• What is Flow chart?
  Flow chart is a process development flow chart. It includes individual process steps and decision blocks.
  
  
• What is MSA?
  MSA is an abbreviation that refers to "Measurement system analysis."
  
  
• What is R & R?
  R & R is a method for repeatability and reproducibility verification. This method stems from MSA.
  
  
• What is ppm?
  Ppm is a term defining number of nonconforming products out of a million produced products. E.g.. Ppm = 6 means that customer tolerates 6 non-conforming products out of a million produced. In case of a higher ppm figure, the customer returns all the delivery.
  
  
• What is VDA?
  VDA is abbreviation for "Car industry association". The association issues its own regulations (similar to branch standards) for QM system implementation and maintenance for car industry suppliers. E.g. VDA 2 – Supply quality assurance, VDA 6.5 – Product audit, VDA 6.3 – Process audit etc.
  
  
• What is Formel Q?
  Formel Q is a specification of VW concern determining requirements regarding the quality of supplied products. This specification is biding for all suppliers who supply products and services to the car plants of VW concern.
  
  
• What is Valeo 1000?
  Valeo 1000 is a specification of Valeo concern determining requirements regarding the quality of supplied products. This specification is biding for all suppliers who supply products and services to individual plants of Valeo concern.
  
  
• What is verification?
  Verification of ability to meet the customer requirements.
  
  
• What is validation?
  Conformance verification with customer requirements.